Updated on: June 6, 2024
We’re all familiar with how hackers are displayed in movies. Brooding criminals in hoodies, frantically hammering lines of code into a computer in order to break through complex security systems. However, hackers pose a genuine threat. They constantly evolve, finding new ways to breach our security and steal our information.
So, what exactly is hacking? Hacking involves unauthorized access to digital files or systems, often with the intent to steal information or install malware. Understanding hacking is important for staying safe online.
The best way to stop hacking attempts is by using a strong antivirus. I recommend Norton because it has both excellent malware detection, comes with a 60-day money-back guarantee, and can protect against hacking attempts. Here’s our guide to everything you need to know about hackers and how to keep yourself safe from potential attacks.
What Is Hacking?
Hacking is the unauthorized access to digital devices or networks, often with malicious intent. Hackers use a variety of techniques and tools to breach security systems and exploit personal and sensitive information. Here’s a list of what hackers can do after breaking into your device:
- View photos and other files. Hackers can access and steal your personal photos, documents, and any files stored on your device.
- Log your keyboard activity. By using keyloggers, hackers can record every keystroke you make, capturing sensitive information like passwords and credit card numbers.
- Access your camera and microphone. Hackers can remotely control your device’s camera and microphone, allowing them to spy on you and record private conversations.
- Track your location. Using GPS data, hackers can monitor your physical movements and track your location in real-time.
- Take screenshots. Hackers can capture images of your device’s screen, revealing private information and activities.
- Read messages and emails. Unauthorized access can give hackers the ability to read your text messages and emails, compromising your private communications.
- Steal login credentials. Hackers can obtain your usernames and passwords, leading to unauthorized access to your accounts and services.
- Install malware. Hackers can install various types of malware to exploit your device, including ransomware and spyware.
- Control your device remotely. Hackers can take control of your device, executing commands, and altering settings without your knowledge.
- Distribute spam. Your compromised device can be used to send spam messages or launch phishing attacks against your contacts.
- Manipulate data. Hackers can alter or delete data, causing harm to your personal and professional life.
Examples of Different Types of Hacking
Hackers use brute force, security exploits, social engineering, and other means to gain access to systems without proper permission. What they do with that access, however, can vary greatly depending on their motivations. Here’s a look at some of the different kinds of hacks and hackers to be aware of.
Identity Theft
A common and classic motivation for hacking into a device is to steal personal information for identity theft, including social security numbers, credit cards, bank accounts, and more. This sensitive data can be stolen in a number of different ways including:
- Phishing
- Social engineering
- Password cracking
- Keyloggers & other malware
Malware Hacking
Installing malware on a victim’s computer is a key part of identity theft, but malware can have other nefarious consequences that have nothing to do with stealing your information. For example, a hacker could recruit your computer to a botnet using zombieware. This would have minimal impact on you, but it means the hacker could use your computer as part of a larger-scale attack on a high-value target.
A hacker might also infect your computer with ransomware to extort money out of you in exchange for your own personal files.
International Espionage
It’s extremely common for governments to attempt to spy or gather intelligence on rival governments using hacking techniques. Espionage to this degree could be conducted quietly in order to collect data, or it could be more malicious — for example, foreign hackers could leak internal government documents and communications to the public.
Corporate Espionage
Similarly, some companies and corporations will choose to conduct espionage against their business rivals. Though highly illegal and far from an acceptable business practice, a company could try to break into a competitor’s network or database to steal confidential information, business plans, communications, financial data, and more.
It’s also not unheard of for companies to conduct more serious attacks to cripple their competitor’s websites or databases and cause financial or brand damage.
Ego Hacking
Some hackers like to break into websites, computers, and systems simply to prove that they can. In certain hacker communities, accomplishing difficult hacks and bypassing tight security is worn as a badge of honor.
There’s also a sizable contingent of “grey hat” hackers, who seek out exploits and vulnerabilities in order to bring them to the attention of the people in charge of fixing them. The difference between a grey hat hacker and an ethical hacker, however, is that grey hats don’t have permission to do this ahead of time.
Ethical Hacking
Ethical hacking is a legal form of hacking where experts work in agreement with organizations, companies, and brands in order to uncover security vulnerabilities.
Essentially, an ethical hacker will try to gain access to a network, computer, or system the same way a criminal hacker would — only if they’re able, they aren’t looking to cause any damage. Instead, they’ll report the vulnerabilities so they can be properly patched and fixed before a malicious hacker finds them.
Hacktivism
Hacktivism, a combination of the words “hacker” and “activism”, is a form of hacking that usually isn’t motivated by monetary gain.
In these cases, a religious, environmental, or other activist may gain access to a system in order to promote their own cause (or hinder the opposition).
For example, a hacktivist group might target an oppressive government regime with a DDoS attack to knock its systems offline, destroy a firewall that’s used to oppress the free speech of citizens, or seek to disrupt financial networks used by terrorists.
These activities are a form of cybercrime and are illegal, regardless of their motivations.
What Devices Are Most Vulnerable to Hackers?
Certain devices are more prone to hacking attempts due to their widespread use and varying levels of security. Here’s a list of devices that are most vulnerable to hackers:
- Smartphones. With constant internet connectivity and access to personal data, smartphones are prime targets for hackers, especially those running outdated operating systems or without security updates. Jailbroken phones are particularly vulnerable as they bypass manufacturer security restrictions, making them easier targets for malware and unauthorized access.
- Laptops and desktops. These devices often store sensitive information and can be compromised through phishing attacks, malware, or unpatched software vulnerabilities.
- Smart home devices. Devices like smart speakers, thermostats, and security cameras can be hacked if they lack good security measures.
- Routers. A compromised router can give hackers access to all devices connected to a network, making it crucial to use strong passwords and regularly update firmware.
- Tablets. Like smartphones, tablets are often used for personal and professional tasks, making them attractive targets for hackers.
- Wearable devices. Smartwatches and fitness trackers can be hacked to steal personal health information or track user movements.
- IoT devices. Internet of Things (IoT) devices, from smart appliances to connected cars, can be vulnerable to hackers due to weak security protocols and lack of regular updates.
- Webcams and microphones. These can be hijacked by hackers to spy on users, record private conversations, and gather sensitive information without the user’s knowledge.
How to Protect Yourself From Hackers
There are plenty of reasons hackers and cybercriminals target their victims, including monetary gain, identity theft, or simply the thrill of the chase. So what can you do to protect yourself? Here are our top tips for keeping your data, computer, and personal information safe:
- Use a feature-rich antivirus. A powerful antivirus should be your first line of defense against hackers. There are plenty of good free options available, but the top of the line antiviruses will include critical extra features you don’t want to be caught without, like phishing protection, ransomware protection home firewalls, and more. If you do decide to use an antivirus, make sure to keep it up to date. New versions and updates will help protect you from the latest malware and hacking threats.
- Create strong, complex passwords. Most people use simple passwords that are easy to remember. To criminals, this is a dream come true. Password cracking techniques have become extremely advanced, so passwords that are short, don’t include special characters, and made up of common dictionary words are serious security threats. Consider installing a password manager to generate extremely complex passwords and store them securely.
- Practice safe browsing. Certain websites can automatically trigger downloads onto your computer without you knowing. These are called drive-by downloads, and they’re one of the most common ways victims end up with malware or spyware on their devices. Along with an antivirus, stay away from shady websites — especially in the adult, gambling, or piracy niches. Also, always approach email attachments with caution. Even if they seem innocuous, they can contain hidden viruses or other malicious software.
- Stay vigilant against phishing and social engineering. If someone claiming to be an authority figure asks you for your passwords, credit card details, or other secure information, your alarm bells should go off. Be extremely careful handing over sensitive information, especially on an unsecured channel like email. An antivirus can help recognize and block phishing messages, but you should always be 100% positive who you’re giving information to.
- Stay educated. Hacking and cybercrime is a rapidly evolving offense. New viruses, new techniques, and new exploits are discovered almost every single day. Do your best to stay up to date on the latest scams and how to best protect yourself.
How Do I Know if a Hacker Is Targeting My Device?
Detecting a hacking attempt early can prevent significant damage to your personal and professional life. Here are some common signs that your device might be compromised:
- Unusual battery drain. If your device’s battery is depleting faster than usual, it could be due to malicious software from a hacker running in the background.
- Sluggish performance. Hacked devices often run slower due to unauthorized programs consuming resources.
- Unexpected pop-ups and ads. An increase in pop-ups, ads, or redirects to unfamiliar websites can indicate a hacker.
- Unrecognized apps or programs. Finding apps or programs you didn’t install can be a sign of unauthorized access.
- Increased data usage. A sudden spike in data usage can suggest that malicious software is transmitting data to a hacker from your device.
- Strange behavior or crashes. Frequent crashes, freezing, or unexpected behavior can indicate that your device is compromised.
- Unusual account activity. Receiving alerts about account logins or password changes you didn’t initiate can be a sign of hacking.
- Disabled security features. If your antivirus or firewall is disabled without your knowledge, it could be the work of a hacker.
- Unknown messages or emails sent from your accounts. If your contacts receive messages you didn’t send, your account might be hacked.
- Unexplained financial transactions. Unauthorized purchases or withdrawals from your accounts can indicate hacking.
- High CPU usage. If your device’s CPU is running at high capacity without a clear reason, it could be due to a hacker.
- Changes in device settings. Unexplained changes to your device’s settings can be a sign of unauthorized access.
Frequently Asked Questions
How can I protect my device from hackers?
To protect your device from hackers, ensure your software is always up to date, use strong, unique passwords for all accounts, enable two-factor authentication, install reliable antivirus software, and avoid clicking on suspicious links or downloading unknown attachments.
What should I do if I suspect my device has been hacked?
If you suspect your device has been hacked, disconnect it from the internet, run a full antivirus scan, change all your passwords from a secure device, and contact your financial institutions to monitor for unauthorized transactions. You may also consider consulting a cybersecurity professional.
Can hackers access my device if I don’t download anything suspicious?
Yes, hackers can exploit vulnerabilities in your software or network to gain access to your device. Even visiting compromised websites or clicking on malicious links can lead to hacking without downloading anything directly. The best way to stop a hacker from accessing your device is to use strong antivirus software with a good firewall and the ability to detect outdated software.
How do I know if my passwords are strong enough?
Strong passwords should be at least 12 characters long and include a mix of upper and lower-case letters, numbers, and special characters. Avoid using easily guessable information such as birthdays or common words. Using a password manager can help generate and store strong, unique passwords for all your accounts.